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''Negotiorum gestio'' (Latin for "management of business") is a form of spontaneous voluntary agency in which an intervenor or intermeddler, the ''gestor'', acts on behalf and for the benefit of a principal (''dominus negotii''), but without the latter's prior consent. The gestor is only entitled to reimbursement for expenses and not to remuneration, the underlying principle being that ''negotiorum gestio'' is intended as an act of generosity and friendship and not to allow the gestor to profit from his intermeddling. This form of intervention is classified as a quasi-contract and found in civil-law jurisdictions and in mixed systems (e.g. Scots, South African, and Philippine laws). For example, while you are traveling abroad, a typhoon hits your home town and the roofing of your house is in danger. To avoid the catastrophic situation, your neighbour does something urgently necessary. You are the 'principal' and your neighbour here is the 'gestor', the act of which saved your house is the ''negotiorum gestio''. It originated as a Roman legal institution in which an individual acted on behalf of another, without his asking and without remuneration. It was considered a part of ''officium'' (duty), for instance, to defend a friend's or neighbour's interests while the friend or neighbour was away.〔J.A. Crook, ''Law and Life of Rome'' (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press), 236–37.〕 The principal, or ''dominus'', more fully ''dominus negotiorum dominus rei gestae'', is bound to indemnify the gestor for the expenses and liabilities incurred. If the principal fails to do so, there is unjust enrichment, and the gestor then has a claim to bring an action for restitution. In Napoleonic civilian jurisdictions, including Louisiana, the action takes the form of the ''actio de in rem verso''. ''Negotiorum gestio'' is not recognised at common law, despite certain English salvage cases, as well as some cases in equity where trustees were on occasion remunerated for services voluntarily rendered.〔Jeroen Kortmann, ''Altruism in Private Law: Liability for Nonfeasance and Negotiorum Gestio'' (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005).〕 It is variously known as follows: * Czech Republic: "uncommanded agency" ((チェコ語:nepřikázané jednatelství)) under the Czech Civil Code〔(Czech Civil Code, Part 4, Chapter IV, Title 2 )〕 * France: "undertaking formed without agreement" ((フランス語:engagement formé sans convention)) or "management of affairs" ((フランス語:gestion d'affaires)) under the French Civil Code〔See (FCC - Book 3 - Title 4 )〕 * Germany: "agency without specific authorisation" ((ドイツ語:Geschäftsführung ohne Auftrag)) or "voluntary agency" ((ドイツ語:Geschäftsführung)) under the German Civil Code * Italy: "management of business of another" ((イタリア語:gestione di affare altrui)) under the Italian Civil Code〔See (ICC - Book IV - Title VI )〕 * Japan: "management of business" ((日本語:事務管理), ''jimu kanri'') under the Japanese Civil Code * Louisiana: "management of affairs" under the Louisiana Civil Code * Netherlands: "agency of necessity" ((オランダ語:zaakwaarneming)) under the Dutch Civil Code * South Africa: "management of affairs" under the South African law * Switzerland: "agency without authority" under the Swiss Civil Code * Poland: "management of business of another without an order" ((ポーランド語:Prowadzenie cudzych spraw bez zlecenia)) under the Polish Civil Code〔See (K.c. - Book 3 - Title XXII )〕 * Russia: "action in the interest of another (without instruction)" ((ロシア語:''действия в чужом интересе (без поручения)'')) under the Russian Federation Civil Code〔See (RF CC - Part III - Сhapter 50 )〕 * Taiwan: "management of affairs without mandate" () under the Taiwanese Civil Code * Thailand: "management of affairs without mandate" ((タイ語:จัดการงานนอกสั่ง); ) under the Civil and Commercial Code ==See also== * Roman Law * Law of agency 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Negotiorum gestio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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